While AI offers speed and efficiency, it still struggles with something far more essential.
AI is rapidly expanding into all areas of our lives, and the translation industry is no exception. It’s not just reshaping traditional translation workflows—it’s also playing a major role in media localization, including dubbing and subtitling. But how exactly does it work?
According to Google’s blog, The Keyword, Google Translate processes over 100 billion words every day—a remarkable leap from the simple word-for-word translations of the past. However, even the most advanced AI systems still make critical mistakes that usually only human translators can correct. And not just any translators, but those with deep expertise in their respective fields.
While AI offers speed and efficiency, it still struggles with something far more essential: understanding the nuances of human context and cultural meaning that bring language to life. When it comes to highly specialized topics and maintaining consistency in terminology, human expertise remains indispensable.
AI translation uses machine learning to automatically convert text from one language to another. Modern systems primarily rely on Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce more natural and context-aware translations.
Some AI translation tools provide generic translations, while others offer brand-adaptive solutions that maintain a company’s unique voice across languages.
Despite these advancements, AI tools—such as Microsoft Translator and ChatGPT—still require human oversight. They may misinterpret nuances or cultural context, making professional review essential for accuracy and localization. As AI evolves, human expertise remains key to ensuring high-quality translations.
AI translation increasingly relies on Large Language Models (LLMs) to break down language barriers. Both mainstream and niche platforms now leverage these models to convert text and speech, producing translations that feel more natural and human-like.
While machine translation itself is not new, recent advancements in AI have introduced greater nuance and contextual awareness. Yet, even with these improvements, human review is critical for ensuring accuracy, especially for industry-specific content where precise terminology matters. Professional translation tools and translation management systems help streamline workflows, but it’s the expert human review that ensures the translation meets all requirements.
Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for industry-specific translations enhances their ability to handle specialized terminology and context, ensuring higher accuracy and compliance with domain standards. This customization allows LLMs to adapt to unique industry needs—such as legal or medical terminology—while maintaining strict data security and privacy.
By leveraging techniques like few-shot learning and parameter-efficient tuning, organizations can efficiently refine LLMs to meet their specific requirements, delivering precise, context-aware translations without compromising their broader language capabilities.
Measuring AI translation accuracy can be challenging, as there isn’t a universal standard. Common metrics focus on fidelity to the source text and the accuracy of the message delivered.
Key metrics include:
These metrics assess aspects like accuracy, fluency, terminology, style, and formatting, offering different insights into translation quality. For example, BLEU evaluates n-gram matching between machine output and human references, while METEOR focuses on synonym matching and word order. TER measures how many edits are needed to align the machine output with the reference, and COMET uses neural networks for more nuanced evaluation.
Although these metrics help quantify translation quality, they may still overlook context or cultural nuances, which human evaluation can better capture.
Human evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring the quality of machine translations. While computers can process content rapidly, they often miss subtleties that human reviewers easily identify—especially in specialized or regulated fields.
We use a comprehensive evaluation method within our Translation Management System (TMS) to assess translations. This method focuses on the following categories:
This approach ensures that translations meet high standards and align with project-specific requirements.
Each error is marked according to its severity, allowing us to pinpoint specific areas for improvement. This system ensures that professionals can make precise corrections to deliver high-quality translations.
The technology behind AI translation leverages advanced machine learning algorithms, particularly neural networks and transformer models, to analyze linguistic patterns and generate accurate translations across multiple languages. These algorithms are trained using vast datasets, allowing them to recognize patterns in language usage. However, they struggle with context, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances, which often leads to inaccuracies.
For example, words with multiple meanings—such as “flatline” (which could mean “to die” in a medical context or “to stabilize at zero growth” in an economic context) or “bark” (which could refer to a tree’s outer layer or the sound a dog makes)—can confuse AI systems if the surrounding context is unclear. Similarly, “bank” may refer to a financial institution or a riverbank, and “charge” could indicate an electrical charge, a legal accusation, or a cost. A human translator, on the other hand, naturally disambiguates such terms based on context.
Quantitative data shows that translation accuracy varies significantly across language pairs. Commonly used pairs like English–Spanish tend to yield better results due to extensive training data, while more complex or lower-resource language pairs often result in poorer translations.
Moreover, according to The Princeton Legal Journal, human translators still excel, particularly in specialized fields such as legal translations, where understanding local law and legal practices as well as the cultural and contextual depth is critical.
Therefore, while AI continues to evolve, the need for human input remains clear.
Language complexity can create challenges for AI translation systems. Different languages have unique structures, including phonology (sounds), morphology (word structure), syntax (sentence structure), and semantics (meaning).
Slator states that AI systems perform better with language pairs like English-Spanish, where there’s a wealth of online data and well-established translation models. However, for languages with less available data or more intricate structures, such as those with rich morphology or complex sentence structures, AI translation can struggle.
For example, languages like Finnish or Turkish, with complex word forms, present difficulties for AI because the system needs to handle many variations of a word. Additionally, languages with more complex sentence structures or nested ideas (like recursion) require AI systems to track context more closely, which can be challenging without human-like understanding.
In summary, while AI performs well with common language pairs, the complexity of less widely spoken or more intricate languages can lead to lower-quality translations due to data limitations and structural challenges.
While machine translation systems are impressive for their speed and accuracy, there’s another important factor to consider—bias. According to Slator and Forbes, these systems learn from the data they’re trained on, and if that data has bias, the translations can reflect it.
Where Does Bias Come From?
Machine translation systems learn by analyzing vast amounts of text data. If these texts contain biased patterns, the system may replicate them. Examples include:
These biases arise because machine translation systems learn from the data they’re trained on, which can include societal stereotypes and cultural biases. Addressing these issues requires conscious efforts to identify and mitigate biases in training data and translation outputs.
AI translation is rapidly evolving, reshaping how we communicate across languages. Since the introduction of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) in 2016 and the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) in 2022, improvements in fluency and contextual awareness have been significant. Hybrid models combining NMT and LLMs are poised to deliver even more accurate and adaptable translations.
Moving forward, we are likely to see a hybrid approach, combining the strengths of NMT and LLMs to achieve even more nuanced and contextually aware translations. Additionally, AI-driven multimodal systems, which can process text, speech, and images, are expected to further enhance translation capabilities, enabling more seamless communication across various media. These advancements are already built on the foundation of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning, which have been central to AI translation since the advent of SMT and NMT.
Despite the impressive advancements in AI translation, human involvement remains essential. While computers can translate quickly and often correctly, they can miss important details like tone, cultural meaning, and context. Human evaluation is crucial, especially when working with content from specialized fields or when precise terminology is required.
Despite the progress, human involvement remains essential. While AI delivers speed and scale, it still cannot fully capture tone, nuance, and intent without human intervention. This combination of AI and expert human review ensures both efficiency and translation quality.
AI has undoubtedly transformed translation, but it cannot replace the human ability to interpret context, emotion, and culture. Machines offer scale and speed, but human insight ensures that the message truly resonates.
At GORR, we harness the power of AI while ensuring that every translation is refined by our experienced professionals for complete accuracy, cultural sensitivity and in line with specific clients’ requirements and terminology.
Ready to make your message truly global? Reach out to us now and experience translations done right.